{"id":4,"date":"2020-12-19T22:34:25","date_gmt":"2020-12-19T22:34:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8"},"modified":"2026-03-25T14:07:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T18:07:14","slug":"13-8","status":"publish","type":"ftm_section","link":"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/","title":{"rendered":"13.8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div\n        class=\"bt-block bt-block--site-nav bt-block--full-width w-full fixed bt-block--site-nav-editorial z-30 inv top-0\"\n        :class=\"getClasses()\"\n        x-data=\"siteNav(\n        true, \/\/ initialStateDark\n        true, \/\/ initialStateTransparent\n        false, \/\/ keepDarkThemeOnScrolling\n        false, \/\/ loggedIn\n        'default', \/\/ zIndexHandling\n        'true', \/\/ isEditorialNav\n        false \/\/ disableStickiness\n    )\"\n        @nav-observer-enter.window=\"handleNavObserverEnter()\"\n        @nav-observer-leave.window=\"handleNavObserverLeave()\"\n        @scroll.window.debounce.100ms=\"handleScroll()\"\n   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Videos<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"grid grid-cols-3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[30px] w-7\/8\n\t\t\t\t            border-b border-b-gray-200\n\t\t\t\t            [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:border-b-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:pb-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:mb-0\">\n                   <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[80px_1fr] gap-[18px]\">\n                       <div>\n                            <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/productivity-goals-bailey\/\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Screenshot-2026-05-07-at-3.07.52-PM.png?quality=80&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A person sits on a chair in front of a white backdrop, gesturing with both hands. The background fades from dark blue to purple. The BT logo appears in the top right corner.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\" \/>\n                                                                    <!-- members tag -->\n                                    <div class=\"bt-class-card__members py-[5px] pb-[3px] pl-[8px] pr-[3px] top-[5px] left-[5px]\" aria-label=\"Members only\"><\/div>\n                                                            <\/a>\n                       <\/div>\n                       <div>\n                           <a class=\"bt-title bt-title-21 w-[90%]\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/productivity-goals-bailey\/\">\n                               How to set better goals and actually follow-through, in 65 minutes                           <\/a>\n\n                                                          <div class=\"mt-[10px] inv:text-white text-[12px] leading-[115%] tracking[0.01em]\">\n                                   <span class=\"bt-subtitle\">with<\/span>\n                                   <a class=\"font-oswald font-bold uppercase hover:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/chris-bailey\/\">\n                                       Chris Bailey                                   <\/a>\n                               <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                   <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[30px] w-7\/8\n\t\t\t\t            border-b border-b-gray-200\n\t\t\t\t            [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:border-b-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:pb-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:mb-0\">\n                   <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[80px_1fr] gap-[18px]\">\n                       <div>\n                            <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/perception-box\/what-brain-scans-reveal-about-spirituality\/\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/UC-Brain-Briefs-Science-of-Hope-Web-B.png?quality=80&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A person stands at the base of a staircase leading upward through an arrow-shaped opening filled with light and clouds.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\" \/>\n                                                            <\/a>\n                       <\/div>\n                       <div>\n                           <a class=\"bt-title bt-title-21 w-[90%]\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/perception-box\/what-brain-scans-reveal-about-spirituality\/\">\n                               What brain scans reveal about spiritual people and depression                           <\/a>\n\n                                                          <div class=\"mt-[10px] inv:text-white text-[12px] leading-[115%] tracking[0.01em]\">\n                                   <span class=\"bt-subtitle\">with<\/span>\n                                   <a class=\"font-oswald font-bold uppercase hover:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/lisa-miller\/\">\n                                       Lisa Miller                                   <\/a>\n                               <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                   <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[30px] w-7\/8\n\t\t\t\t            border-b border-b-gray-200\n\t\t\t\t            [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:border-b-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:pb-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:mb-0\">\n                   <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[80px_1fr] gap-[18px]\">\n                       <div>\n                            <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/music-human-body\/\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/A1-Web-Spitzer-1-1.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A man sits on a wooden chair with one leg crossed, gesturing with his hand, against a background of vintage sheet music.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\" \/>\n                                                            <\/a>\n                       <\/div>\n                       <div>\n                           <a class=\"bt-title bt-title-21 w-[90%]\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/music-human-body\/\">\n                               How music rewires the human body, in 59 minutes                           <\/a>\n\n                                                          <div class=\"mt-[10px] inv:text-white text-[12px] leading-[115%] tracking[0.01em]\">\n                                   <span class=\"bt-subtitle\">with<\/span>\n                                   <a class=\"font-oswald font-bold uppercase hover:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/michael-spitzer\/\">\n                                       Michael Spitzer                                   <\/a>\n                               <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                   <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[30px] w-7\/8\n\t\t\t\t            border-b border-b-gray-200\n\t\t\t\t            [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:border-b-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:pb-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:mb-0\">\n                   <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[80px_1fr] gap-[18px]\">\n                       <div>\n                            <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-well\/ancient-dna-proved-human-origin-theory-wrong\/\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/The-Well-David-Reich-Segment-02-Web.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A middle-aged man with light hair and a beard, wearing a blue sweater over a white shirt, stands in front of a neutral background with faint, curved text elements.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\" \/>\n                                                            <\/a>\n                       <\/div>\n                       <div>\n                           <a class=\"bt-title bt-title-21 w-[90%]\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-well\/ancient-dna-proved-human-origin-theory-wrong\/\">\n                               How ancient DNA proved human origin theory wrong                           <\/a>\n\n                                                          <div class=\"mt-[10px] inv:text-white text-[12px] leading-[115%] tracking[0.01em]\">\n                                   <span class=\"bt-subtitle\">with<\/span>\n                                   <a class=\"font-oswald font-bold uppercase hover:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/david-reich\/\">\n                                       David Reich                                   <\/a>\n                               <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                   <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[30px] w-7\/8\n\t\t\t\t            border-b border-b-gray-200\n\t\t\t\t            [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:border-b-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:pb-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:mb-0\">\n                   <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[80px_1fr] gap-[18px]\">\n                       <div>\n                            <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/childhood-wounds\/\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/A1-Web-LePera-1.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A woman sits on a chair in front of a white backdrop; the blurred profile of a child with a tear rolling down their cheek is visible in the foreground.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\" \/>\n                                                            <\/a>\n                       <\/div>\n                       <div>\n                           <a class=\"bt-title bt-title-21 w-[90%]\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/childhood-wounds\/\">\n                               How to recognize when you\u2019re reacting from childhood wounds                           <\/a>\n\n                                                          <div class=\"mt-[10px] inv:text-white text-[12px] leading-[115%] tracking[0.01em]\">\n                                   <span class=\"bt-subtitle\">with<\/span>\n                                   <a class=\"font-oswald font-bold uppercase hover:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/nicole-lepera\/\">\n                                       Nicole LePera                                   <\/a>\n                               <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                   <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[30px] w-7\/8\n\t\t\t\t            border-b border-b-gray-200\n\t\t\t\t            [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:border-b-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:pb-0 [&#038;:nth-child(n+4)]:mb-0\">\n                   <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[80px_1fr] gap-[18px]\">\n                       <div>\n                            <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/perception-box\/the-most-transformative-brain-activity\/\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/YC-BB-Marquee-5-Aging-Brain-Web-A.png?quality=80&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A digital rendering of a single cell with a translucent membrane, displaying colorful internal structures and filament-like extensions on a blue background.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\" \/>\n                                                            <\/a>\n                       <\/div>\n                       <div>\n                           <a class=\"bt-title bt-title-21 w-[90%]\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/perception-box\/the-most-transformative-brain-activity\/\">\n                               The most transformative thing you can do for your brain isn\u2019t mental                           <\/a>\n\n                                                          <div class=\"mt-[10px] inv:text-white text-[12px] leading-[115%] tracking[0.01em]\">\n                                   <span class=\"bt-subtitle\">with<\/span>\n                                   <a class=\"font-oswald font-bold uppercase hover:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/wendy-suzuki\/\">\n                                       Wendy Suzuki                                   <\/a>\n                               <\/div>\n                                                  <\/div>\n                   <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n    <div class=\"flex justify-end mt-[60px]\">\n        <a href=\"\/videos\/\" class=\"bt-button-more font-sans text-[14px] font-semibold leading-[115%] tracking-[-0.01em]\">See All<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\t<\/div>\n<\/div>                                <\/li>\n                                <li>\n                                    <a href=\"#\" class=\"peer bt-nav__link bt-nav__link--more\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"nav-panel-dsk-columns\" @click=\"clickDesktopItem($event)\">Columns <\/a>\n                                    <!-- sub nav -->\n                                    \n<div\n    id=\"nav-panel-dsk-columns\"\n\tclass=\"hidden peer-[.active]:block fixed  top-[90px] left-0 w-full h-auto pb-14 shadow-[0_15px_15px_rgba(0,0,0,0.10)] bg-white z-0 transition-all\" \n\t:class=\"{'top-[90px]': atTop, 'top-[60px]': !atTop }\" >\n\t<div class=\"frame grid grid-cols-24 gap-x-(--grid-gap) [--grid-gap:30px]\">\n\t\t<div class=\"col-start-2 col-span-22 my-[80px]\">\n    <div class=\"grid grid-cols-4 gap-x-[40px] gap-y-[30px]\">\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/mini-philosophy\/\" class=\"grid grid-cols-[1fr_0.8fr] gap-[15px] min-h-[160px] mb-[30px]\">\n                <div>\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/mini-philosophy.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"Text &quot;MINI PHILOSOPHY&quot; on a black torn paper background, surrounded by sketches, handwritten notes, and artwork fragments.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                <\/div>\n                <div>\n                    <span class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">Mini Philosophy<\/span>\n                    <span class=\"bt-util-14 text-[12px] opacity-[70%] font-normal line-clamp-6\">A philosophy column for personal reflection.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/starts-with-a-bang\/\" class=\"grid grid-cols-[1fr_0.8fr] gap-[15px] min-h-[160px] mb-[30px]\">\n                <div>\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/SWAB.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"Text &quot;STARTS WITH A BANG&quot; in bold white letters over a background of stars and colorful nebulae in outer space.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                <\/div>\n                <div>\n                    <span class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">Starts With A Bang<\/span>\n                    <span class=\"bt-util-14 text-[12px] opacity-[70%] font-normal line-clamp-6\">An astrophysics column on big questions and our universe.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/books\/\" class=\"grid grid-cols-[1fr_0.8fr] gap-[15px] min-h-[160px] mb-[30px]\">\n                <div>\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/books.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A woman lies down reading a book, with the word &quot;BOOKS&quot; in large white letters and a stylized open book icon replacing the letter &quot;O.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                <\/div>\n                <div>\n                    <span class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">Books<\/span>\n          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thinking.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/strange-maps\/\" class=\"grid grid-cols-[1fr_0.8fr] gap-[15px] min-h-[160px] mb-[30px]\">\n                <div>\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/strange-maps.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"White text &quot;Strange Maps&quot; on a dark green background featuring faint outlines of a vintage map.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                <\/div>\n                <div>\n                    <span class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">Strange Maps<\/span>\n                    <span class=\"bt-util-14 text-[12px] opacity-[70%] font-normal line-clamp-6\">A geography column on history and society.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-well\/\" class=\"grid grid-cols-[1fr_0.8fr] gap-[15px] min-h-[160px] mb-[30px]\">\n                <div>\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/The-Well-BT-Square.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                <\/div>\n                <div>\n                    <span class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">The Well<\/span>\n                    <span class=\"bt-util-14 text-[12px] opacity-[70%] font-normal line-clamp-6\">A collection of essays and videos on life\u2019s biggest questions.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\" class=\"grid grid-cols-[1fr_0.8fr] gap-[15px] min-h-[160px] mb-[30px]\">\n                <div>\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/13.8.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"Two astronauts stand on a rocky, pinkish-purple surface in space with the number 13.8 in large white font across the center of the image.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                <\/div>\n                <div>\n                    <span class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">13.8<\/span>\n                    <span class=\"bt-util-14 text-[12px] opacity-[70%] font-normal line-clamp-6\">A column at the intersection of science and culture.<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/a>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/work-wise\/\" class=\"grid grid-cols-[1fr_0.8fr] gap-[15px] min-h-[160px] mb-[30px]\">\n                <div>\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" 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class=\"bt-class-card__videos-count\">9 videos<\/div>\n                <!-- class duration -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__duration\" x-html=\"duration\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- class content -->\n        <div class=\"bt-class-card__content\">\n            <!-- class title -->\n            <div class=\"bt-class-card__title\">\n                The 6 Disciplines of Strategic Thinking            <\/div>\n            \n            \n                            <!-- class author -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__author\">\n                    <div class=\"bt-class-card__author-name\">\n                        Michael Watkins                    <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"bt-class-card__author-role\">\n                            Professor of Leadership and Organizational Change, IMD Business School, and Author, &#8220;The Six Disciplines of Strategic Thinking&#8221;\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n    <\/div>            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bg-black text-white\">\n                <div \n    class=\"bt-class-card bt-class-card--vertical\"\n    data-content-type=\"\"\n    x-data=\"{\n        duration: '50mins'\n    }\"\n    >\n    <!-- class inner -->\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/my-classes\/foundations-in-self-awareness\/\" class=\"bt-class-card__inner group\">\n        <!-- class thumbnail -->\n        <div class=\"bt-class-card__thumbnail\">\n            <!-- class thumbnail image -->\n                            <div class=\"bt-class-card__image\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"335\" height=\"335\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/selfawareness.png?quality=80&amp;w=335&amp;h=335&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-medium_square size-medium_square\" alt=\"Illustration of a human head in profile 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t-shirt against a light blue background.\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png 1000w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=375,375 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Oliverburkeman.png?resize=768,768 768w\" \/>                <\/div>\n                \n            <!-- overlays -->\n            <div class=\"bt-class-card__overlays\">\n                                    <!-- members tag -->\n                    <div class=\"bt-class-card__members\">Members<\/div>\n                                <!-- number of videos -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__videos-count\">8 videos<\/div>\n                <!-- class duration -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__duration\" x-html=\"duration\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- class content -->\n        <div class=\"bt-class-card__content\">\n            <!-- class title -->\n            <div class=\"bt-class-card__title\">\n                Productivity for Mortals            <\/div>\n            \n            \n                            <!-- class author -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__author\">\n                    <div class=\"bt-class-card__author-name\">\n                        Oliver Burkeman                    <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"bt-class-card__author-role\">\n                            <div class=\"flex flex-col relative\">\n<div class=\"font-sans text-neutral-550 dark:text-neutral-350 !leading-snug text-xl\">Author, &#8220;Meditations for Mortals&#8221;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n    <\/div>            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bg-black text-white\">\n                <div \n    class=\"bt-class-card bt-class-card--vertical\"\n    data-content-type=\"\"\n    x-data=\"{\n 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https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=375,375 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=768,768 768w\" \/>                <\/div>\n                \n          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854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=1100,1100 1100w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=375,375 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=768,769 768w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=1024,1025 1024w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=1280,1281 1280w\" \/>                <\/div>\n                \n            <!-- overlays -->\n            <div class=\"bt-class-card__overlays\">\n                                    <!-- members tag -->\n                    <div class=\"bt-class-card__members\">Members<\/div>\n                                <!-- number of videos -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__videos-count\">10 videos<\/div>\n                <!-- class duration -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__duration\" 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https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=640,639 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=375,375 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=768,767 768w\" \/>                <\/div>\n                \n            <!-- overlays -->\n            <div class=\"bt-class-card__overlays\">\n                                    <!-- members tag -->\n                    <div class=\"bt-class-card__members\">Members<\/div>\n                                <!-- number of videos -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__videos-count\">6 videos<\/div>\n                <!-- class duration -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__duration\" x-html=\"duration\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- class content -->\n        <div class=\"bt-class-card__content\">\n            <!-- class title -->\n            <div class=\"bt-class-card__title\">\n                Rethinking Work for Working Parents            <\/div>\n            \n            \n                            <!-- class author -->\n                <div 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The background fades from dark blue to purple. The BT logo appears in the top right corner.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                                                            <!-- members tag -->\n                                <div class=\"bt-class-card__members py-[5px] pb-[3px] pl-[8px] pr-[3px] top-[5px] left-[5px]\" aria-label=\"Members only\"><\/div>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/productivity-goals-bailey\/\" class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 test-[18px] leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">\n                            How to set better goals and actually follow-through, in 65 minutes                        <\/a>\n                        <span class=\"bt-util-14 opacity-[70%]\">Author Chris Bailey breaks down the &#8220;intention stack&#8221; and\u00a0the underrated role of values alignment in follow-through.<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[10px] border-b border-b-gray-200 last:border-b-0 last:pb-0 last:mb-0\">\n                <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[110px_1fr] gap-[15px]\">\n                    <div>\n                        <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/perception-box\/what-brain-scans-reveal-about-spirituality\/\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/UC-Brain-Briefs-Science-of-Hope-Web-B.png?quality=80&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A person stands at the base of a staircase leading upward through an arrow-shaped opening filled with light and clouds.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/perception-box\/what-brain-scans-reveal-about-spirituality\/\" class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 test-[18px] leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">\n                            What brain scans reveal about spiritual people and depression                        <\/a>\n                        <span class=\"bt-util-14 opacity-[70%]\">Optimistic people don\u2019t just \u201cfeel happier,\u201d they literally process information differently, at a perceptual level. Three experts explain.<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[10px] border-b border-b-gray-200 last:border-b-0 last:pb-0 last:mb-0\">\n                <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[110px_1fr] gap-[15px]\">\n                    <div>\n                        <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/music-human-body\/\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/A1-Web-Spitzer-1-1.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A man sits on a wooden chair with one leg crossed, gesturing with his hand, against a background of vintage sheet music.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/music-human-body\/\" class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 test-[18px] leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">\n                            How music rewires the human body, in 59 minutes                        <\/a>\n                        <span class=\"bt-util-14 opacity-[70%]\">Professor Michael Spitzer argues that music is something closer to a biological system, one that was shaping the human body&#8230;<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[10px] border-b border-b-gray-200 last:border-b-0 last:pb-0 last:mb-0\">\n                <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[110px_1fr] gap-[15px]\">\n                    <div>\n                        <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-well\/ancient-dna-proved-human-origin-theory-wrong\/\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/The-Well-David-Reich-Segment-02-Web.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A middle-aged man with light hair and a beard, wearing a blue sweater over a white shirt, stands in front of a neutral background with faint, curved text elements.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-well\/ancient-dna-proved-human-origin-theory-wrong\/\" class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 test-[18px] leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">\n                            How ancient DNA proved human origin theory wrong                        <\/a>\n                        <span class=\"bt-util-14 opacity-[70%]\">Human origins once looked like a simple migration story. According to geneticist David Reich, new evidence keeps turning it into&#8230;<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[10px] border-b border-b-gray-200 last:border-b-0 last:pb-0 last:mb-0\">\n                <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[110px_1fr] gap-[15px]\">\n                    <div>\n                        <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/childhood-wounds\/\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/A1-Web-LePera-1.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A woman sits on a chair in front of a white backdrop; the blurred profile of a child with a tear rolling down their cheek is visible in the foreground.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/full-interview\/childhood-wounds\/\" class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 test-[18px] leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">\n                            How to recognize when you\u2019re reacting from childhood wounds                        <\/a>\n                        <span class=\"bt-util-14 opacity-[70%]\">Dr. Nicole LePera breaks down the 6 archetypes of childhood trauma.<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[10px] border-b border-b-gray-200 last:border-b-0 last:pb-0 last:mb-0\">\n                <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[110px_1fr] gap-[15px]\">\n                    <div>\n                        <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/perception-box\/the-most-transformative-brain-activity\/\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/YC-BB-Marquee-5-Aging-Brain-Web-A.png?quality=80&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A digital rendering of a single cell with a translucent membrane, displaying colorful internal structures and filament-like extensions on a blue background.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/perception-box\/the-most-transformative-brain-activity\/\" class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 test-[18px] leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">\n                            The most transformative thing you can do for your brain isn\u2019t mental                        <\/a>\n                        <span class=\"bt-util-14 opacity-[70%]\">Memory decline doesn\u2019t suddenly begin in old age, it unfolds gradually over decades. The good news: this common, daily habit&#8230;<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[10px] border-b border-b-gray-200 last:border-b-0 last:pb-0 last:mb-0\">\n                <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[110px_1fr] gap-[15px]\">\n                    <div>\n                        <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/the-big-think-interview\/live-your-values\/\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/C1-Web-Mason.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"A man with curly hair wearing a brown suede jacket and black shirt gestures with his left hand while looking at the camera against a plain white background.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/series\/the-big-think-interview\/live-your-values\/\" class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 test-[18px] leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">\n                            The real reason you\u2019re always thinking about what other people think                        <\/a>\n                        <span class=\"bt-util-14 opacity-[70%]\">What you actually care about shows up in your calendar and your bank statement, not your intentions.<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"break-inside-avoid pb-[20px] mb-[10px] border-b border-b-gray-200 last:border-b-0 last:pb-0 last:mb-0\">\n                <div class=\"grid grid-cols-[110px_1fr] gap-[15px]\">\n                    <div>\n                        <a class=\"relative\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-well\/pure-genetics-dont-exist\/\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/The-Well-David-Reich-Segment-01-Web.jpg?quality=85&#038;w=256&#038;h=256&#038;crop=1\" alt=\"Middle-aged man with gray hair and beard, wearing a light blue sweater over a white shirt, standing against a plain light background, looking at the camera.\" class=\"aspect-square object-cover\"\/>\n                                                    <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div>\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/the-well\/pure-genetics-dont-exist\/\" class=\"block bt-hdr bt-hdr-16 test-[18px] leading-[120%] mb-[10px]\">\n                            Ancient DNA just proved that &#8216;pure genetics&#8217; don&#8217;t exist                        <\/a>\n                        <span class=\"bt-util-14 opacity-[70%]\">The oldest bones in Britain share almost no DNA with anyone alive today. Here\u2019s what that tells us about human&#8230;<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>                <\/li>\n                <li>\n                    <a href=\"#\" class=\"peer bt-mobile-nav__link bt-mobile-nav__link--more\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"nav-panel-mobile-columns\" @click=\"clickMobileItem($event)\">Columns<\/a>\n                    <!-- sub nav -->\n                    <div  id=\"nav-panel-mobile-columns\" class=\"absolute hidden peer-[.active]:block peer-[.active]:left-0 left-full w-full min-h-full pb-14 bg-white dark:bg-black text-black dark:text-white z-30 transition-all\" :class=\"{'top-[90px]': atTop, 'top-[60px]': !atTop }\" >\n\t<div class=\"h-[30px] px-[20px]\">\n\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"bt-mobile-nav__reset\" @click=\"resetMobileMenu($event)\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"bt-mobile-nav__reset-arrow\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span 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https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-34.png?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-34.png?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-34.png?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-34.png?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-34.png?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-34.png?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-34.png?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-34.png?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-34.png?resize=375,375 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Frame-34.png?resize=768,768 768w\" \/>                <\/div>\n                \n            <!-- overlays -->\n            <div class=\"bt-class-card__overlays\">\n                                    <!-- members tag -->\n                    <div class=\"bt-class-card__members\">Members<\/div>\n                                <!-- number of videos -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__videos-count\">9 videos<\/div>\n                <!-- class duration -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__duration\" x-html=\"duration\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- class content -->\n        <div class=\"bt-class-card__content\">\n            <!-- class title -->\n            <div class=\"bt-class-card__title\">\n                The 6 Disciplines of Strategic Thinking            <\/div>\n            \n            \n                            <!-- class author -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__author\">\n                    <div class=\"bt-class-card__author-name\">\n                        Michael Watkins                    <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"bt-class-card__author-role\">\n                            Professor of Leadership and Organizational Change, IMD Business School, and Author, &#8220;The Six Disciplines of Strategic Thinking&#8221;\n                        <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n    <\/div>            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bg-black text-white\">\n                <div \n    class=\"bt-class-card bt-class-card--horizontal\"\n    data-content-type=\"\"\n    x-data=\"{\n        duration: '50mins'\n    }\"\n    >\n    <!-- class inner -->\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/my-classes\/foundations-in-self-awareness\/\" class=\"bt-class-card__inner group\">\n        <!-- class thumbnail -->\n        <div class=\"bt-class-card__thumbnail\">\n            <!-- class thumbnail image -->\n                            <div class=\"bt-class-card__image\">\n                    <img decoding=\"async\" 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duration -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__duration\" x-html=\"duration\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- class content -->\n        <div class=\"bt-class-card__content\">\n            <!-- class title -->\n            <div class=\"bt-class-card__title\">\n                Productivity for Mortals            <\/div>\n            \n            \n                            <!-- class author -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__author\">\n                    <div class=\"bt-class-card__author-name\">\n                        Oliver Burkeman                    <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"bt-class-card__author-role\">\n                            <div class=\"flex flex-col relative\">\n<div class=\"font-sans text-neutral-550 dark:text-neutral-350 !leading-snug text-xl\">Author, &#8220;Meditations for Mortals&#8221;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                  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a pink background.\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, (max-width: 1023px) 34vw, 300px\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/findyour-focus.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, 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class=\"bt-class-card__title\">\n                Find Your Focus            <\/div>\n            \n            \n                            <!-- class author -->\n                <div class=\"bt-class-card__author\">\n                    <div class=\"bt-class-card__author-name\">\n                        Multiple Instructors                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n    <\/a>\n    <\/div>            <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"bg-black text-white\">\n                <div \n    class=\"bt-class-card bt-class-card--horizontal\"\n    data-content-type=\"\"\n    x-data=\"{\n        duration: '58mins'\n    }\"\n    >\n    <!-- class inner -->\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/my-classes\/unlocking-your-teams-hidden-potential\/\" class=\"bt-class-card__inner group\">\n        <!-- class thumbnail -->\n        <div class=\"bt-class-card__thumbnail\">\n            <!-- class thumbnail image -->\n            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https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=1100,1100 1100w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=375,375 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=768,769 768w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=1024,1025 1024w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Mask-group-2.png?resize=1280,1281 1280w\" \/>                <\/div>\n                \n            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src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?quality=80&amp;w=335&amp;h=335&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-medium_square size-medium_square\" alt=\"Illustration of a pregnant person in a red dress holding a tablet, with blue and pink color overlays.\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 100vw, (max-width: 1023px) 34vw, 300px\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png 1001w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/fifth-trimester.png?resize=256,256 256w, 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class=\"w-full max-w-[190px] tab:max-w-[230px] dsk:max-w-[245px] h-auto\"\n                    \/>\n                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"bt-subtitle text-center text-[16px] px-10 tab:px-12 tab:text-[21px] leading-[150%] mt-[15px] inv:text-white max-w-[670px] mx-auto\">\n                Where science meets the human story            <\/div>\n        \n        \n        \n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n\n\n<div \n    class=\"bt-block bt-block--page-section bg-white  bt-block--full-width relative \"\n    >\n        <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden relative \">\n        <!-- to do: add background image -->\n        <div class=\" pb-[30px] pt-[30px] desk:pb-[45px] desk:pt-[45px] relative h-full\">\n        \n            <div class=\"z-10 relative flex flex-col w-full frame\">\n                <div class=\"w-full mx-auto \">\n<div class=\"bt-block bt-block--column-body\">\n\n    <div class=\"mt-[25px] mb-[40px] grid\n    tab:mt-[40px] tab:mb-[80px] tab:grid-cols-[1fr_300px]\">\n\n        <div class=\" read-more read-more-mobile tab:w-[90%] dsk:w-[70%] \" x-data=\"readMore\" @click=\"readMoreButton($event)\" :class=\"{ 'read-more--opened': readMoreOpened }\">\n            <div style=\"max-height: 170px\" x-ref=\"container\">\n                <div class=\"\" x-ref=\"innerContainer\">\n\n                    <div class=\"prose tab:prose-tab dsk:prose-dsk tracking-[-0.02em] mb-[10px]\">\n                        <p>We live in a scientifically dominated age. Nearly every aspect of modern life is shaped by science and technology, from medicine and space exploration to climate change, nuclear risk, and artificial intelligence.<\/p>\n<p>Science is the source of our greatest hopes and our deepest fears. It drives progress, but it also raises profound questions about meaning, responsibility, and the future of civilization. In the 21st century, science cannot be separated from culture. The two are braided together, shaping our politics, our art, and our understanding of what it means to be human.<\/p>\n<p>13.8 is a space for examining that relationship. Through essays and conversations, it explores the beauty, power, promise, and peril of science as a cultural force. If we want to understand our moment in history, this is where the inquiry begins.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                \n                      \n\n                    <div x-ref=\"closeBtn\" class=\"hidden\" :class=\"{ 'read-less': readLess }\">\n                        <span>Read Less<\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n<div \n    class=\"grid grid-cols-[1fr_80px] pt-[20px] mt-[30px] border-t tab:gap-[20px] tab:pt-[0px] tab:mt-[0px] tab:border-t-0 tab:pl-[20px] tab:border-l\"\n    >\n    <div class=\"pr-5\">\n                    <span class=\"block bt-subtitle text-[14px] leading-[130%]\">with<\/span>\n            <div class=\"\">\n                <a class=\"font-oswald font-bold text-[18px] tab:text-[24px] leading-[100%] focus:underline hover:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\" target=\"_self\">Adam Frank<\/a><span class=\" inline font-oswald font-bold text-[18px] tab:text-[24px] leading-[100%]\"> &#038; <\/span><a class=\"font-oswald font-bold text-[18px] tab:text-[24px] leading-[100%] focus:underline hover:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/marcelo-gleiser\/\" target=\"_self\">Marcelo Gleiser<\/a>            <\/div>\n                    \n                    <div class=\"mt-[10px] bt-util-14 text-black opacity-[70%] [&#038;_p]:mb-4\">\n                <p>Adam Frank is a professor of astrophysics at the University of Rochester, a leading researcher on stellar evolution, and the author of four books. He is the co-founder of 13.8, where he writes about science and culture.<\/p>\n<p>Marcelo Gleiser is a professor of natural philosophy, physics, and astronomy at Dartmouth College and the author of five books. A recipient of the 2019 Templeton Prize, he is the co-founder of 13.8, where he explores science and culture.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n        \n                \n    <\/div>\n    <div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n\n\n<div \n    class=\"bt-block bt-block--page-section bg-white  bt-block--full-width relative \"\n    >\n        <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden relative \">\n        <!-- to do: add background image -->\n        <div class=\" pb-[30px] pt-[30px] desk:pb-[45px] desk:pt-[45px] relative h-full\">\n        \n            <div class=\"z-10 relative flex flex-col w-full frame\">\n                <div class=\"w-full mx-auto \">\n<div class=\"bt-block bt-block--feature-narrative flex justify-center\">\n    <div class=\"flex flex-col tab:flex-row relative w-full\">\n                <div class=\"feature-narrative__content tab:w-1\/3 flex flex-col justify-center p-6 tab:p-8 order-2 tab:order-1 bg-black text-center inv\">\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\" class=\"text-white italic mb-4 hidden tab:block bt-subtitle text-sm leading-tight hover:underline focus:underline\">\n                    13.8                <\/a>\n            \n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/a-physicist-explains-what-the-kardashev-scale-gets-wrong\/\" class=\"feature-narrative__title text-white mb-4 hover:underline focus:underline\">\n                    A physicist explains what the Kardashev scale gets wrong                <\/a>\n            \n                            <div class=\"text-white mb-4 font-inter text-base opacity-70\">\n                    The famous framework ranks civilizations by energy use \u2014 but ignores a critical factor that can halt their progress.                <\/div>\n            \n                            <p class=\"text-black inv:text-white bt-subtitle\">\n                    <span class=\"bt-byline-12 text-white mr-0.5\">by<\/span>\n                    <a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>                <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/a-physicist-explains-what-the-kardashev-scale-gets-wrong\/\" class=\"feature-narrative__image tab:w-2\/3 order-1 tab:order-2 bg-black\">\n            <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?quality=85&amp;w=1200&amp;h=675&amp;crop=1\" class=\"w-full h-full object-cover\" alt=\"Illustration of Earth overlaid with a grid and energy types from the Kardashev Scale: Type I, II, and III, representing planetary, stellar, and galactic energy usage.\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 95vw, (max-width: 1536px) 65vw, 1000px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg 2500w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=1536,864 1536w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=2048,1152 2048w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=20,12 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=40,23 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=80,45 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=160,90 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=256,144 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=320,180 320w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=480,270 480w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=640,360 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=832,468 832w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=1200,675 1200w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=1440,810 1440w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=1824,1026 1824w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=420,236 420w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=768,432 768w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=495,278 495w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=680,382 680w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=854,480 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=375,211 375w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=1024,576 1024w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Type-I-on-the-Kardeshev-Scale.jpeg?resize=1280,720 1280w\" \/>        <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n\n\n<div \n    class=\"bt-block bt-block--page-section bg-white  bt-block--full-width relative \"\n    >\n        <div class=\"w-full overflow-hidden relative \">\n        <!-- to do: add background image -->\n        <div class=\" pb-[60px] pt-[60px] desk:pb-[80px] relative h-full\">\n        \n            <div class=\"z-10 relative flex flex-col w-full frame\">\n                <div class=\"w-full mx-auto \">\n<div class=\"bt-block bt-block--divider\">\n\t<div class=\"w-full bg-black inv:bg-white h-[8px]\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"bt-loop-module\" class=\"bt-block bt-block--loop-module\" x-data=\"btLoopModule('loop-tab-all')\">\n        <!-- Loading overlay -->\n    <div\n        class=\"bt-block--loop-module__loading\"\n        x-show=\"isLoading\"\n        x-transition:enter=\"transition ease-out duration-200\"\n        x-transition:enter-start=\"opacity-0\"\n        x-transition:enter-end=\"opacity-100\"\n        x-transition:leave=\"transition ease-in duration-150\"\n        x-transition:leave-start=\"opacity-100\"\n        x-transition:leave-end=\"opacity-0\"\n    >\n        <div class=\"bt-block--loop-module__spinner\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- Error message -->\n    <template x-if=\"hasError\">\n        <div class=\"bt-block--loop-module__error\" role=\"alert\">\n            <p x-text=\"errorMessage\"><\/p>\n            <button @click=\"retry()\" type=\"button\" class=\"bt-block--loop-module__retry-btn\">\n                Retry\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/template>\n    \n    <div class=\"bt-block--loop-module__container\" :class=\"{ 'is-loading': isLoading }\">\n                <!-- Tabs -->\n        <div class=\"flex overflow-y-scroll mt-2 border-b-1 border-gray-200 no-scrollbar gap-4 mb-8 tab:mb-12\" role=\"tablist\" >\n                                <a\n                        class=\"bt-tab\"\n                        :class=\"{ 'bt-active-tab': activeTab === 'loop-tab-all' }\"\n                        role=\"tab\"\n                        :aria-selected=\"activeTab === 'loop-tab-all' ? 'true' : 'false'\"\n                        aria-controls=\"loop-tab-all\"\n                        href=\"\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ftm_section\/4?paging=1&#038;contentType=all\">\n                        Everything                    <\/a>\n                                        <a\n                        class=\"bt-tab\"\n                        :class=\"{ 'bt-active-tab': activeTab === 'loop-tab-articles' }\"\n                        role=\"tab\"\n                        :aria-selected=\"activeTab === 'loop-tab-articles' ? 'true' : 'false'\"\n                        aria-controls=\"loop-tab-articles\"\n                        href=\"\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ftm_section\/4?paging=1&#038;contentType=articles\">\n                        Articles                    <\/a>\n                            <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"bt-block--loop-module__panels\">\n            <div\n                class=\"bt-block--loop-module__panel\"\n                role=\"tabpanel\"\n                id=\"bt-block--loop-module__panel\">\n\n                <div class=\"bt-block--loop-module__results\">\n                    <div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/nature-of-life-hans-jonas\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"A split image explores the nature of life, with a gray rock on a dark background on the left and a colored microscopic view of a cell\u2014hinting at intelligence\u2014in vivid detail on the right.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/metabolism-hans-jonas_compressed.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/nature-of-life-hans-jonas\/\" class=\"card-title\">Why organisms are more than machines<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">Sixty years ago, a little-known philosopher challenged how science understands life. His perspective is finding new relevance in the age of artificial intelligence.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/aerial-aliens-why-cloudy-worlds-might-make-detecting-life-easier\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"Three planets are silhouetted against deep space with a bright red star and nebula clouds in the background.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/next-20-yr-search-aliens_compressed.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/aerial-aliens-why-cloudy-worlds-might-make-detecting-life-easier\/\" class=\"card-title\">Aerial aliens: Why cloudy worlds might make detecting life easier<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">Astronomer Lisa Kaltenegger spoke with Big Think about how &quot;the colors of life&quot; could leave detectable traces on distant planets.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-next-great-leap-in-evolution-may-lie-beyond-earth\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"A cylindrical space habitat with green landscapes and rivers, viewed from inside; two moons and a bright sun-like object are visible through large windowed sections.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/biosphere-to-heliosphere_compressed.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-next-great-leap-in-evolution-may-lie-beyond-earth\/\" class=\"card-title\">The next great leap in evolution may lie beyond Earth<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">NASA\u2019s Caleb Scharf talks with Big Think about life\u2019s long experiment in expansion.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/david-kipping-on-how-the-search-for-alien-life-is-gaining-credibility\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/david-kipping-interview_compressed.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"A smiling man with short dark hair wears a button-up shirt, standing in front of a purple, splattered-texture background.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/david-kipping-interview_compressed.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/david-kipping-interview_compressed.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/david-kipping-interview_compressed.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/david-kipping-interview_compressed.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/david-kipping-interview_compressed.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/david-kipping-interview_compressed.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/david-kipping-interview_compressed.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/david-kipping-interview_compressed.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/david-kipping-interview_compressed.jpg?resize=854,854 854w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/david-kipping-on-how-the-search-for-alien-life-is-gaining-credibility\/\" class=\"card-title\">David Kipping on how the search for alien life is gaining credibility<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">Big Think spoke with astronomer David Kipping about technosignatures, &quot;extragalactic SETI,&quot; and being a popular science communicator in the YouTube age.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/annaka-harris-on-consciousness\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/6-Qs-Annaka-Harris_compressed.png?quality=80&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"Abstract illustration featuring five circles with various designs connected by curved white lines on a purple and blue background, symbolizing science or interconnected concepts.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/6-Qs-Annaka-Harris_compressed.png?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/6-Qs-Annaka-Harris_compressed.png?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/6-Qs-Annaka-Harris_compressed.png?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/6-Qs-Annaka-Harris_compressed.png?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/6-Qs-Annaka-Harris_compressed.png?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/6-Qs-Annaka-Harris_compressed.png?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/6-Qs-Annaka-Harris_compressed.png?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/6-Qs-Annaka-Harris_compressed.png?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/6-Qs-Annaka-Harris_compressed.png?resize=854,854 854w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/annaka-harris-on-consciousness\/\" class=\"card-title\">6 questions about consciousness with Annaka Harris<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">A conversation with Annaka Harris on shared perception, experimental science, and why our intuition about consciousness is wrong.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/scott-derrickson-on-filmmaking-and-the-faith-vs-skepticism-debate\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Scott-Derrickson_compressed.png?quality=80&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"A man with short dark hair, glasses, and a goatee, wearing a blue jacket over a light shirt, stands in front of a beige, textured background.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Scott-Derrickson_compressed.png?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Scott-Derrickson_compressed.png?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Scott-Derrickson_compressed.png?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Scott-Derrickson_compressed.png?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Scott-Derrickson_compressed.png?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Scott-Derrickson_compressed.png?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Scott-Derrickson_compressed.png?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Scott-Derrickson_compressed.png?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Scott-Derrickson_compressed.png?resize=854,854 854w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/scott-derrickson-on-filmmaking-and-the-faith-vs-skepticism-debate\/\" class=\"card-title\">&#8220;Mystery humbles you&#8221;: Scott Derrickson on why skepticism and faith aren&#8217;t enemies<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">The &quot;Doctor Strange&quot; director says mystery shifts your worldview \u2014 &quot;not in a metaphorical sense, but in a deeply experiential one.&quot;<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-case-for-expanding-the-definition-of-intelligence\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"Illustration of two connected neurons with green and orange bodies, featuring detailed blue nuclei, against a black grid background.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/rethinking-intelligence_compressed.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-case-for-expanding-the-definition-of-intelligence\/\" class=\"card-title\">The case for expanding the definition of intelligence<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">A fresh view of intelligence \u2014 spanning living systems from bacteria to human civilization \u2014 challenges the idea that it\u2019s merely problem-solving.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/marcelo-gleiser\/\">Marcelo Gleiser<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/at-what-distance-could-a-twin-earth-detect-our-signals\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AdobeStock_251238249.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"The Earth is partially illuminated against a dark space background, showing glowing city lights and a blue atmosphere.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AdobeStock_251238249.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AdobeStock_251238249.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AdobeStock_251238249.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AdobeStock_251238249.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AdobeStock_251238249.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AdobeStock_251238249.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AdobeStock_251238249.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AdobeStock_251238249.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/AdobeStock_251238249.jpg?resize=854,854 854w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/at-what-distance-could-a-twin-earth-detect-our-signals\/\" class=\"card-title\">At what distance could a &#8220;twin Earth&#8221; detect our signals?<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">A new SETI study shows how far the field of technosignatures has come.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/how-a-popular-model-of-cosmic-life-and-intelligence-got-it-wrong\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"Chemical structures over an image of a planet with a dark background, resembling a scientific illustration of molecular compounds in space exploration.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/life.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/how-a-popular-model-of-cosmic-life-and-intelligence-got-it-wrong\/\" class=\"card-title\">How a popular model of cosmic life and intelligence got it wrong<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">Life might be more common across the Universe than the &quot;Hard Steps Model&quot; suggests.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-strange-paradox-of-modern-science-denialism\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"A person holds a sign reading &quot;GLOBAL WARMING is a cruel hoax&quot; with a dog standing nearby on a leafy ground.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/hoax.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-strange-paradox-of-modern-science-denialism\/\" class=\"card-title\">The strange paradox of modern science denialism<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">Astronomer Adam Frank reflects on some responses to his recent appearance on the Lex Fridman Podcast.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/is-new-governance-needed-in-a-post-holocene-world\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"Multiple country flags on poles against a clear blue sky, representing international diversity and unity.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_13184335.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/is-new-governance-needed-in-a-post-holocene-world\/\" class=\"card-title\">From global to planetary: Is new governance needed in a post-Holocene world?<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">The nation-state had a good run, but its usefulness may have come to an end.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/galactic-civilizations-may-be-impossible-heres-why\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_297841554-1.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"A digital vortex with glowing cyan concentric circles and geometric shapes giving a sense of depth and motion.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_297841554-1.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_297841554-1.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_297841554-1.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_297841554-1.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_297841554-1.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_297841554-1.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_297841554-1.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_297841554-1.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/AdobeStock_297841554-1.jpg?resize=854,854 854w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/galactic-civilizations-may-be-impossible-heres-why\/\" class=\"card-title\">Galactic civilizations may be impossible. Here&#8217;s why.<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">The problem for galactic-scale civilizations comes down to two numbers.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/why-seeing-galileos-original-experiments-left-me-speechless\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"An illustration of Galileo Galilei with a historical text and a lunar sketch alongside.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Galileo-long-arc-history_compressed.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/why-seeing-galileos-original-experiments-left-me-speechless\/\" class=\"card-title\">Why seeing Galileo\u2019s original experiments left me speechless<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">&quot;I was stunned. Here in front of me was the original apparatus through which a new vision of the world was slowly and painfully brought to light.&quot;<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-pre-life-puzzle-tracing-the-rise-of-complexity-in-a-lifeless-world\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sara-walker-pt-2_compressed.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"A green and abstract background with connected molecular diagrams and labeled sections: &quot;Building block&quot; and &quot;Assembly pool,&quot; with an &quot;Assembly index: 8.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sara-walker-pt-2_compressed.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sara-walker-pt-2_compressed.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sara-walker-pt-2_compressed.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sara-walker-pt-2_compressed.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sara-walker-pt-2_compressed.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sara-walker-pt-2_compressed.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sara-walker-pt-2_compressed.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sara-walker-pt-2_compressed.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Sara-walker-pt-2_compressed.jpg?resize=854,854 854w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-pre-life-puzzle-tracing-the-rise-of-complexity-in-a-lifeless-world\/\" class=\"card-title\">The pre-life puzzle: Tracing the rise of complexity in a lifeless world<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">We need a &quot;theory that explains the evolution of evolution,&quot; argues theoretical physicist Sara Imari Walker.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/new-ufo-hearings-continue-an-endless-loop-of-sensation\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ufo-dod-navy-gty-jt-210604_1622833615977_hpMain_16x9_1600.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"Grayscale image showing a flying object captured on radar screen with various data markings.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ufo-dod-navy-gty-jt-210604_1622833615977_hpMain_16x9_1600.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ufo-dod-navy-gty-jt-210604_1622833615977_hpMain_16x9_1600.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ufo-dod-navy-gty-jt-210604_1622833615977_hpMain_16x9_1600.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ufo-dod-navy-gty-jt-210604_1622833615977_hpMain_16x9_1600.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ufo-dod-navy-gty-jt-210604_1622833615977_hpMain_16x9_1600.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ufo-dod-navy-gty-jt-210604_1622833615977_hpMain_16x9_1600.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ufo-dod-navy-gty-jt-210604_1622833615977_hpMain_16x9_1600.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ufo-dod-navy-gty-jt-210604_1622833615977_hpMain_16x9_1600.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ufo-dod-navy-gty-jt-210604_1622833615977_hpMain_16x9_1600.jpg?resize=854,854 854w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/new-ufo-hearings-continue-an-endless-loop-of-sensation\/\" class=\"card-title\">New UFO hearings continue an &#8220;endless loop&#8221; of sensation<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">Astronomer Adam Frank asks: With so many extraordinary claims, why can&#039;t anybody produce the proof?<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/two-essential-questions-about-life-in-the-universe\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?quality=80&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"Close-up of multi-colored snowflakes on the left and a detailed view of a spiral galaxy on the right against a star-filled background.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/2-essential-life-questions_compressed.png?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/two-essential-questions-about-life-in-the-universe\/\" class=\"card-title\">Two essential questions about life in the Universe<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">How did life on Earth begin? Is there life on other worlds? An answer to either question will reflect heavily on the other.\u00a0<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/sara-imari-walker-using-physics-to-rethink-the-definition-of-life\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"Green and yellow abstract scientific illustration depicting molecular structures interconnected with arrows, set against a dark background.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/life-3.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/sara-imari-walker-using-physics-to-rethink-the-definition-of-life\/\" class=\"card-title\">Sara Imari Walker: Using physics to rethink the definition of life<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">It&#039;s deceptively tricky to distinguish living systems from non-living systems. Physics may be key to solving the problem.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-overlooked-philosophy-that-could-shed-light-on-realitys-deepest-mysteries\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"A collage features geometric shapes including a green triangle, a white sphere, a purple circle, and a white cube. Partially visible is a grayscale photo of a man wearing glasses.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/phenom.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-overlooked-philosophy-that-could-shed-light-on-realitys-deepest-mysteries\/\" class=\"card-title\">The overlooked philosophy that could shed light on reality&#8217;s deepest mysteries<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">By focusing on the role of human experience, we may uncover new insights on the fundamental structure of reality.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-key-to-detecting-life-trillions-of-miles-away-from-earth\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"A detailed image of the moon with visible craters and surface textures, set against a dark sky filled with numerous stars.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/AdobeStock_820753167.jpeg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/the-key-to-detecting-life-trillions-of-miles-away-from-earth\/\" class=\"card-title\">The key to detecting life trillions of miles away from Earth<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">Finding life beyond our Solar System requires understanding its host planet.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><div class=\"block__card block__card--type__horizontal block__card--size__big block__card--variant__light block__card--posttype__narrative block__card--horizontal-big block__card--image_position__after\" style=\"--access-word: 'Members'\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/sara-walker\/\" class=\"card-image relative\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?quality=85&amp;w=512&amp;h=512&amp;crop=1\" class=\"attachment-large_square size-large_square\" alt=\"A black and white image of a curled fern leaf is centered on a black background with faint, star-like specks, capturing an ethereal beauty reminiscent of Sara Walker&#039;s scientific explorations.\" sizes=\"auto, (min-width: 500px) 200px, 100px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?resize=20,20 20w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?resize=40,40 40w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?resize=80,80 80w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?resize=160,160 160w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?resize=256,256 256w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?resize=335,335 335w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?resize=512,512 512w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?resize=640,640 640w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?resize=854,854 854w, https:\/\/bigthink.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/life2.jpg?resize=1100,1100 1100w\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"card-title-and-series\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-series\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/\">13.8<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/13-8\/sara-walker\/\" class=\"card-title\">A bold challenge to the orthodox definition of life<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"card-description\">In &quot;Life As No One Knows It,&quot; Sara Imari Walker explains why the key distinction between life and other kinds of &quot;things&quot; is how life uses information.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"card-author\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"bt-author bt-author-12 text-black inv:text-white hover:underline focus:underline\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/people\/adam_frank\/\">Adam Frank<\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>                        <div class=\"bt-block--loop-module__pagination\">\n                            <nav class=\"bt-pagination\" aria-label=\"Pagination\">\n    <ul class=\"bt-pagination__list flex flex-row justify-center pb-12 font-utility-subtitle-small gap-x-4\">\n                            <li class=\"bt-pagination__item\">\n                                    <span class=\"bt-pagination__link--current\">1<\/span>\n                            <\/li>\n                    <li class=\"bt-pagination__item\">\n                                    <a href=\"\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ftm_section\/4?paging=2\" class=\"bt-pagination__link\">2<\/a>\n                            <\/li>\n                    <li class=\"bt-pagination__item\">\n                                    <a href=\"\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ftm_section\/4?paging=3\" 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